Ⅰ 「孫」姓的來源
孫姓的五大來源
孫姓的歷史悠久,姓源的頭緒很多,中華孫姓之根系,吸收這各時期、各地方、各民族之血脈,其發展有如川溪之匯聚,紛繁宏觀。先秦時期的衛、齊、楚、吳、晉、鄭、秦,中原許多諸侯國都已出現孫氏。秦漢以降,時有家族通過改姓、賜姓諸途徑,成為孫氏族人。唐宋以後,許多少數民族在漢化過程中,又有相當部族加入孫姓行列。明初,政府要求將復姓更為單姓,這樣又有一批帶孫字的復姓氏族變為孫姓族的一員。概括起來,主要有五大來源:
一、先秦時期孫氏的三支主幹
根據唐宋時期有關譜牒和史籍的概括,孫氏在先秦時期主要有三支主幹。
1、姬姓衛國孫氏
衛國姬姓乃周文王之後。唐代林寶《元和姓篡》卷4「孫」姓載:「周文王第八子衛康叔之後,至武公和生惠孫,惠孫生耳,耳生武仲,以王父字為氏。」武仲以其祖父名字「惠孫」中的「孫」為姓氏,稱孫武仲,於是衛國孫氏產生。
衛康叔,姓姬名封,是周文王姬昌的第八個兒子,周武王姬發滅商後,原封於康(今河南禹州市西北),史稱康叔封。周公姬旦平定武庚叛亂後,把商原來統治的部分地區及殷民七族又分封給康叔,以商的舊都朝歌(今河南淇縣)為都城,以監管商的余民而建立為國。衛國位於今河南北部,還擁有河北南段和山東西端的部分地區。衛康叔遵循哥哥周公的諄諄勸導,以文王「明德慎罰」的政策治理國家,衛國頗有起色而成為當時的大國。
衛康叔的八世孫衛武公,名和,是西周末、春秋初年的衛國國君,約公元前812年—758年在位。武公四十二年(公元前771年),犬戎攻破周都鎬京(今山西長安),殺了周幽王。衛武公與晉文侯、鄭武公、秦襄公合兵幫助周王室平定了北方少數民族的叛亂,並護衛周平王東遷雒邑(今河南洛陽),被周平王賜為公爵。衛武公姬和勤修政事,國泰民安,頗受百姓擁戴,是當時最有名的諸侯。武公有子名惠孫,惠孫有子名耳,為衛上卿,食采邑於戚(今河南濮陽縣北),姬耳有子名乙,字武仲。依據周的宗法制度,諸侯國國君的兒子稱公子,孫子稱公孫,公孫之子離其嫡長大宗之血緣已略疏遠,而可以其祖父(父王)的字為氏,另外繁衍出一支宗族的支脈。這樣,武仲便以其祖父惠孫的「孫」字為姓氏,是謂孫乙、孫武仲、衛國孫氏便如此從姬姓分離出來。
姬姓可謂中華民族中最為古老的姓氏之一,古史傳說中的華夏部族,以兩大部落首領皇帝和炎帝而著稱。皇帝便是姬姓,號軒轅氏,因居住於姬水旁,而後得了姬姓,是為皇帝氏族。炎帝為姜姓,號神農氏,因居住於姜水旁,而得了姜姓,是為炎帝氏族。姬和姜都從女為姓,其作為氏族的標志,反映出原始部落以女性所繁衍子女的血緣關系為紐帶的組織結構。一些學者推斷出皇帝氏族的發祥地大約在今陝西的北部,而炎帝始祖約在山西省西部偏南的地方,兩部落相距並不很遠,乃至婚姻相通。
周氏興起在渭水中游黃土高原上的一個古老部落。而周王的姬姓,據有關傳說,似乎又可推導出是嫡系的「炎黃子孫」。周代先祖稱棄,號後稷,相傳是帝嚳的兒子;帝嚳相傳又是黃帝的兒子玄囂的後裔,號高辛氏,娶有邰氏之女姜螈而生棄。姜螈姓姜,應屬炎帝氏族系統,這樣,棄便是黃帝氏族和炎帝氏族通婚所結之果。自後稷十幾代傳至公劉,遷居於豳(今陝西旬邑縣),再九傳至古公亶父,遷居於戚山腳下的周原(今陝西岐山縣)。自文王姬昌即位,周日益強大,武王姬發終於滅商而一統天下。而周文王的十二世孫中的一支,以祖父之字為氏,改姓孫,主要生活於其采邑地:戚(位於今河南濮陽縣北面)。
2、羋姓楚國孫氏
宋代歐陽修、宋祁撰的《新唐書·宰相世系表》說:孫氏「出自羋姓。」楚蚡冒生王子章,字無鉤,生蒍叔伯呂臣,孫蒍賈伯羸生艾獵,即令尹叔敖,亦為孫氏。」及出國的最高級別官員:另尹孫叔敖,為楚國孫氏的源頭。
羋姓為先周時期的楚國國姓。楚人的族源有中華華夏說、東夷蠻族說、土著三苗說等,其實楚民族是中原華夏族的一支與周圍土著居民不斷雜交蕃衍而形成的,楚文化便是華夏文化與蠻夷文化融通匯合而結出的果實。
2 孫姓的五大來源(zt)
屈原的《離騷》開頭就說:「帝高陽之苗裔」,自稱是中原高陽氏的後裔。高陽氏即我國傳說時代的三皇五帝中的五帝之一,炎黃聯盟中的重要首領:顓頊。據司馬遷《史記》所載,顓頊是皇帝之孫,是當時的一位華夏族部落首領。其後裔的一支稱祝融,氏族繁衍分為八姓,臨江水與蠻族雜居。祝融後代陸終娶鬼方之女,該女懷胎十一年而不分娩,於是剖腹產,開左肋生出三人,開右肋又生出三人,第六子叫季連,其分支為羋姓,乃楚人的先祖。
在商朝時期,由於中原斗爭的激烈,季連部族逐步南遷到達漢水流域。而當地苗族部落的歸附,楚人先祖又與三苗土著居民不斷融合,力量不斷強大,季連後裔中最著名的人物為酋長鬻熊。此時商紂王的統治極為殘暴,為求得楚族的生存與發展,鬻熊決定投靠周族,並在營救周文王與協助周武王討伐紂王的過程中立下許多功勞。周成王時封功臣後裔,便將鬻熊的曾孫熊繹封為子爵,建立楚國,疆域位於今豫西南和鄂北地區。因為鬻熊的歷史功績,及其對楚族社會的影響,從此開始,楚國國君改為熊為姓氏。
蚡毛是春秋初期的楚國國君,姓熊名眴,號蚡冒,其子蒍章,在當時楚國的外交事務中發揮過重大的作用。《通志·氏族略》雲:「蒍章食邑於蒍,故以命氏。」這樣,蒍氏也逐步發展為楚國的一個望族,見於《左傳》的有關人物也不少。蒍章之子蒍呂成,字叔伯,楚成王時曾被任命為令尹。其孫蒍賈,字伯羸,幼年即出入楚王宮廷,評議政事,楚莊王時任工正。蒍賈之子蒍敖,字艾獵,即楚國著名的賢臣:孫叔敖。其後代便以孫為氏,楚國的孫氏一族由是產生和繁衍。
3、媯姓齊國孫氏
《新唐書·宰相世系表》說:孫氏還有一致,「出自媯姓。齊田完字敬仲,四世孫桓子無宇,無宇二子:桓、書。書字子占,齊大夫,伐莒有功,景公賜姓孫氏,食采於樂安。」這是說齊大夫陳書有戰功被賜孫姓,乃為齊國孫姓的由來。
媯姓與姚姓同為虞氏部落之姓,相傳舜生於姚墟而得姚姓,居於媯而得媯姓,為河流彎曲處,媯即媯水,在今山西省永濟縣南,源出歷山,注入黃河。舜的族源,存在兩種說法:《史記·三代世表》中說,舜是皇帝族的後代;而《孟子》說:「大舜,東夷之人也。」從各類古史記載分析,舜的出聲地、居住地、生產作工之處,既有山西、河南諸中原地區,也有山東、浙江諸東夷之地。是否可以如此推測:舜族及其子孫,應是中原華夏族之一支與東夷部族融合雜交而產生的後代。
田完是舜的後裔虞閼父之子媯滿的後代。周武王伐商時,虞閼父為周族陶正之官,執掌陶器的生產,管理從事製作、燒窯的陶工。由於管理有方,器用齊備,頗有勞績,又因他是聖賢虞舜的後代,周武王就把女兒嫁給虞閼父之子媯滿,並把他封到今河南淮陽縣一帶,建立陳國。媯滿死後謚號陳胡公,又稱胡公慢,本家族便以陳為氏。
從陳胡公開始,陳國經十代十二個國君的傳承,到桓公時發生了內亂。桓公患重病至死,其弟佗殺了太子免而自立,是為陳歷公。太子免的三個弟弟躍、林、杵臼為兄報仇,聯合蔡國又設計殺死了歷公,三個弟弟相繼即位為利公、庄公、宣公。利公立五個月即去世,庄共七年後去世。宣公繼位後,原本已立太子御冠,後又要改立寵姬之子款,便狠心殺了太子御冠。利公之子陳完,字敬仲,與太子御冠交往甚好,怕禍及自己,便於公元前672年逃往齊國。陳完到齊國後,謙讓推辭了卿的職位,只擔任管理百工的「工正」之職。
陳完的四世孫陳無宇為官「上大夫」,其五世孫陳書伐莒有功,齊景公賜以孫姓,並封以采邑樂安(今山東惠民縣一帶),於是齊國孫氏出現。
二、先秦各國其他孫氏支脈
1、晉國姬姓王族子孫中的孫氏
《左傳·成公十七年》(公元前592年)二次出現「孫周」之姓名,楊伯峻註:「孫周即晉悼公。」《史記·晉世家》雲:「悼公周者,其大父捷,晉襄公少子也,不得立,號為桓叔,桓叔最愛。桓叔生惠伯談,談生悼公周。」孫周也是因為其祖父為少子小宗,不得立為主後,作為王室旁支便改為孫氏。後來由於偶然的機會,晉國貴族襲殺歷公,才迎王室旁支孫周即位,是為晉悼公。《呂氏春秋·似順篇》載,晉卿趙簡子有家臣孫明。家臣一般為平民階層,說明晉國平民之中也已產生孫氏。
3 孫姓的五大來源(zt)
2、鄭國姬姓王族中的孫氏
《左傳·襄公八年》(公元前565年)記載:「鄭群公子以僖公自之死也,謀子駟。子駟先之,夏四月庚辰,辟殺之孤、子熙、子侯、子丁。孫擊、孫惡出奔衛。」p孫擊、孫惡便是鄭國姬姓王族中的公子王孫。
3、秦國孫氏
《莊子集釋·馬蹄篇》疏:「列茲雲:姓孫,名陽,字伯樂,秦穆公時善治馬人。」伯樂孫陽之識千里馬,其故事被廣泛傳播。就是說春秋秦國也出現孫氏,盡管其人祖籍不明。
4、商代孫氏
宋趙明城《金石錄》卷17《漢安平相孫根碑》載:「考厥先出,自有殷立商之系,子湯之苗;又雲勝武定周,封比干之墓,後裔分析,避地匿軌,姓曰孫焉。」比干是商紂王的叔父,官至少師,紂王尹虐無度,國勢危殆,比干犯顏直諫,遭紂王剖心殺害。傳說比干被害後,其妻室逃進森林避難,產子便以林為姓,名堅,林堅為比干之子,此後林氏後裔都已比干為先祖。這里卻冒出來一支孫姓的比干後裔,所謂「後裔分析」,應是比幹家族中的另一支。
三、改姓賜姓為孫氏
1、荀姓與孫氏之關系
戰國時期的大思想家荀子,其「荀」姓與孫氏也存在不解之緣。根據唐司馬貞作《史記索引》和唐顏師古在《漢書·藝文志》記載:漢代因為要避宣帝名詢之諱,巡行都改為孫姓,甚至說曾下詔令改姓,就連戰國時代的荀卿都改為孫卿;當然後來有相當部分人將姓又改了回來,但終究有一部分認為改過來,由是它也成為漢代孫姓支脈的一個不小的源頭。
2、漢代有子女隨母親姓氏的情況
《漢書·夏侯嬰傳》記載:「初嬰為滕令奉車,故號藤公。及曾孫頗尚主,主隨外家姓,號孫公主,故滕令公子孫更為孫氏。」
三國東吳時,官拜威寇中郎將,領廬江太守,鎮守皖城(今安徽潛山縣)的孫河,字伯海,本姓俞,和東吳孫氏同鄉,也是吳郡人。《三國志·吳書·宗室傳》裴注引《吳書》曰:「河,堅族子也,出後姑俞氏。」所謂孫堅的「族子」,而「出後姑俞氏」,應是孫氏族中女子出嫁所生之子,自然隨外家姓俞。他年少時隨孫堅征討沙場,典領親兵,常為前驅,孫堅視為心腹。後又隨孫策平定江東,多立戰功,《三國志·吳書·宗室傳》謂:「孫策愛子,賜姓為孫,列之屬籍。後為將軍,屯京城(今江蘇鎮江市)。」孫策不但重新賜他姓孫,還列之屬籍,即回登上富春孫氏族譜。
3、被孫氏族人收為繼子而改為孫姓
如明代江蘇婁縣(今上海松江)的孫士美家族,孫士美累官深州知州,其父孫訥官仕天策衛經歷,祖父本姓朱,乃太常寺卿朱奎之後,因出繼孫氏,遂以孫姓家族顯名。《江都孫氏重修族譜》謂:始祖孫謹行,生於明萬曆年間,「公本姓徐,繼姓孫,因有明孫暗徐,祖遺風焉,立譜從孫氏,蓋不忘本也。」此人由徐氏而為孫氏繼子,改為孫姓,且成為江都孫氏一族之始祖。
四、復姓省字成孫姓
叔孫氏。一是源於姬姓,《姓譜》載,春秋魯桓公的兒子公子牙,字叔,又稱為叔牙,叔牙的兩個孫子:彭生、德臣,彭生便已「叔仲」為氏,德臣以「叔孫」為氏。春秋魯大夫有叔孫豹、叔孫德臣,西漢有叔孫通。二是源於北魏拓跋族,《魏書·官氏志》載:「拓跋鄰命叔父之胤曰乙旎氏,後改為叔孫氏。」北魏有叔孫健,本姓乙旃氏。
長孫氏。長孫氏源頭也有二:一是漢代已有此姓,《漢書·藝文志·孝經》著錄有《長孫氏說》二篇;而《漢書·儒林傳》載,有淄川(今山東昌樂西)人長孫順,曾師從王吉,受《韓詩》之學,治學有顯名,官博士。二是源於北魏拓跋族,《魏書》說:「孝文帝以拓跋為皇枝之長,改為長孫氏。」唐代太宗的長孫皇後及名相長孫無忌,即為其後。另《周書》記有河南洛陽人長孫儉,為鮮卑族人。
士孫氏。「士」為先秦時期最低級的爵位,《通志·氏族略》將其歸入「以爵系為氏」之列。《姓氏考略》載,春秋時齊大夫有士孫氏,《左傳·襄公二十五年》謂:崔杼殺氣庄公,「葬諸士孫之里。」杜註:「士孫,人姓,因名里。」里是國民聚居點,以人姓名里,說明當時士孫氏族具有一定的規模,至漢有士孫張,士孫睦、士孫瑞,北魏有士孫天與。
4 孫姓的五大來源(zt)
王孫氏。出自姬姓,據《通志·氏族略》,周定王大夫滿為頃王之孫,所以被稱為王孫滿,其後人即以此為氏。其實類似大夫滿後代的王孫氏的情況很多,凡各姬姓諸侯國及周王之子孫仕諸侯者即可用,所以王孫氏源頭紛繁,如衛有王孫賈、吳有王孫pp、齊有王孫揮、楚有王孫由等。還有賈孫氏,它也直接源於王孫氏,據《世本》,為春秋衛國大夫王孫賈之後;而《姓苑》認為,其孫自以去周王室遠,改為賈孫氏,之後訛為古孫氏,音已隨變。便又出現古孫氏,《元和姓篡》這樣說:「本姬姓,王孫賈之後,隨音改為古孫氏。」所以,王孫氏、賈孫氏和古孫氏同出一源。
孟孫氏,據《元和姓篡》,源於姬姓,乃魯桓公之子慶父號孟孫,其後人以祖輩名號為姓。仲孫氏,亦源於魯公子慶父之後,慶父字共仲,其後子孫以仲孫為氏。而《姓氏考略》說:「齊亦有仲孫氏。」如齊桓公大夫有仲孫湫。季孫氏,據《世本》,源於姬姓,春秋魯公子季友之後,為季孫氏,魯大夫有季孫肥、季孫行父、季孫意如等。又說孟孫、仲孫、季孫,乃春秋魯公子慶父生有三子,以王孫之故,而以次序排列,分別稱孟孫、仲孫、季孫。
室孫氏,一般認為即王室之孫,與共孫氏的起源相同;而《姓氏考略》說:「室孫氏即宮孫氏。」《漢書·藝文志》有宮孫氏。
大孫氏,系春秋楚國大孫伯之後人。
唐孫氏,據《世本》,一說出祁姓,帝堯之後裔唐侯,其子孫仕晉,號唐孫氏。一說出姬姓,周成王封叔虞於唐,唐叔虞死後,其子孫仕晉,便稱唐孫氏。
縣孫氏,據《路史》,源於羋姓,楚公族有縣孫氏。
顓孫氏,據《風俗通義》,源於媯姓,春秋時陳公子顓孫仕魯,其子p孫以祖輩名字為姓氏,如春秋時孔子弟子有顓孫氏。
臧孫氏與楊孫氏,據《通志·氏族略》,都是以邑為氏,臧孫氏源於姬姓,魯公子pp食邑於臧,其後代為臧孫氏,春秋魯大夫有臧孫紇、臧孫達;楊邑,秦、晉皆有之,秦有楊孫皓。
五、少數民族中的孫姓
1、北方有關民族
鮮卑族,魏晉南北朝時,馳騁於中國北方大地,先後建立前燕、西秦、南涼等政權。《晉書·馮跋傳》載,北燕國尚書令孫護,有兩個弟弟,一個叫叱支,一個叫乙拔,三人「俱有才力,以驍勇聞。」該國以鮮卑族人為主,從名字上看,就可知兄弟三人決非漢族,或為鮮卑族人。當時在遼東鮮卑族的慕容氏前、後燕國中,孫姓大將不少,據《晉書·載記》中有:前燕國有大將孫丁,安西將軍、並州刺史孫希;後燕國有大將孫蓋等。在這樣的情況下,估計高爵顯的孫護不喜原鮮卑名,而改孫氏。鮮卑族在漢文化的影響下,後逐漸與漢族等融合,所以,其中有人改姓漢姓孫氏,是很自然的現象。
契丹族,為鮮卑的一支,隋唐時建立的大賀氏部落聯盟,後又建立大遼政權。《舊唐書·北狄傳》載,「契丹有別部酋帥孫敖曹,初仕隋為金紫光祿大夫。武德四年,於靺鞨酋長突地稽俱遣使內附,詔令與營州城旁安置,授雲麾將軍,行遼州總管。至孫萬榮,垂拱初累授右玉鈐衛將軍、歸城州刺史,封永樂縣公。」孫敖曹、孫萬榮為隋、唐時契丹部落酋長,該部或即《遼史》契丹審密部先世。孫萬榮雖授得官職,但不堪地方官員的侵侮,乃舉兵反唐,屢大敗唐兵,武則天很稱「孫萬斬」,終戰敗被殺。《舊唐書·孫孝哲傳》謂,孫為契丹人,其母有姿色,與范陽節度使安祿山私通,因得親近,天寶末(公元755年)官至大將軍。安祿山反叛時,受一殿中監的官職,且封以王位。為人殘忍,果於殺戮。可以斷言,唐代契丹族中孫姓已不少。遼被金滅後,契丹族人漸與漢族、女真族、蒙古族融合。
朝鮮族,源於朝鮮半島,聚居於吉林延邊,分布在東北等地。今《福山孫氏譜書》稱,晉滅東吳之際,東吳孫氏族人中有一支渡海遷居三韓(馬韓、辰韓、弁韓,今朝鮮半島)。《宋書夷蠻傳》載,高句麗國王高璉,有大將叫孫漱,估計應是漢族孫氏移民之後裔。高麗學者金富軾所撰《三國史記》中說,新羅初期,朝鮮移民分居山谷之間,分別為閼川楊山部、茂山大樹部等六部,均為朴姓。到新羅第三代王朴儒理尼師今九年春,改六部名稱,還分別賜姓,茂山大樹部改名漸梁部,並賜姓孫。元代,蒙古軍隊屢次攻入高麗,將大批高麗人擄略到中國;同時還有一些高麗人,因其他原因遷入中國。如當時有高麗人孫襲卿,官至禮部員外郎。《八旗滿洲氏族通譜》卷73「附載滿州旗分內高麗姓氏」中有「孫氏」,《清朝通志》卷8《氏族略》,滿洲其人中同樣既有高麗姓:孫氏,世居望京地方。
5 孫姓的五大來源(zt)
如今的朝鮮族人都是在近代時期遷入中國東北地區,其中也同樣有孫姓人氏。
女真與滿族,主要聚居於東北,入關後散居各地,建立過金、清政權。女真建金國後,許多女真人遷入中原與漢族雜居,受漢文化影響,且漸改為漢姓。金朝廷幾次下令,禁止女真人改稱漢姓,但實際上阻擋不住這股漢化潮流,金朝滅亡後,未曾改為漢姓的女真人紛紛改為漢姓。陸文貴《牆東類稿·孫公墓誌銘》載,有女真人烏克遜氏為金明威將軍,居京都大梁(今河南開封),金為元兵滅後,徙居河北大名,「始從漢俗,以孫為氏。」有子三人:孫信、孫義、孫仲,孫仲之長子孫澤為墓主。這部分女真孫氏,在元、明時期,完全融入漢族。
清雍正、乾隆年間弘晝等編《八旗滿洲氏族通譜》,其卷76、79「附載滿州旗分內之尼堪姓氏」,記載了十餘個有勛業孫姓者的簡傳,及其家族後裔有官位者的資料,主要居住在遼寧沈陽、撫順、鐵嶺、大凌河一帶。《清朝通志·氏族略》也同樣在有「滿州旗分內尼堪姓」的一些孫氏人物,居住在遼寧撫順、蓋縣等地區。「尼堪」是滿語「漢人」之意,但這里是指滿洲八旗內之漢姓,並非漢軍八旗。盡管其中所載孫姓人物大部分有漢人血統,原可能為滿人之奴隸,屬有大量漢人投充的包衣佐領,但此時畢竟已與滿族融合二類屬滿洲旗人。滿族人在漢人入旗的影響下,加上逐步向關內遷徙,滿族仿漢姓漸成普遍現象。清朝初年,護軍統領孫達哩,一些滿族文獻中寫成「蓀達理」或「遜達哩」,原姓魯布哩氏,正黃旗人。滿清政府覆亡後,大部分滿族融合於漢族,其中改用漢姓孫氏者也不少。如《滿族姓氏錄》記,原滿族姓氏「孫佳」,後以單字「孫」為姓。
蒙古族,主要聚居於內蒙古草原,亦散居於北方各地。古代蒙古族人沒有嚴格意義上的「家姓」,但有氏族的族姓,為防名字的混淆,蒙古族人保留了附帶父姓的習慣。但從元代開始,在漢人的影響下,不少蒙古族人改用漢字單姓,到明代漸趨增多,特別是臨近漢族的地區,其中就有採用孫姓者。今黑龍江《杜爾伯特蒙古族自治縣志》載,本縣蒙古族人戶有孫姓。
錫伯族,在清代,曾被編入蒙古八旗,後又分歸滿洲八旗。此後,東北錫伯族人與蒙、滿、漢族人長期雜居,文化也頗受影響,而產生孫姓。
2、南方有關民族
客家人,為部分北方漢族南徙後,在江西贛州與福建丁州地區與當地土著融合而形成的一個漢族民系。主要為晚唐及南宋時期遷入贛南閩西地區的北方移民之後裔,漸與當地的土著及畲族密切接觸而融合,到元、明時期,形成了具有自己方言和社會風俗的客家人。明朝初期開始至清代,客家人向廣東梅縣及周圍地區遷移。由於客家人中有中原漢族之後裔,自然有漢族孫姓之血脈。其孫氏名人有:孫權謀為福建玎汀州長汀的客家人,清康熙年間以武藝拔為武備,善於海戰,緝海盜,抗倭寇,以功遷廣東提督。廣東孫中山家族也是客家人,孫中山說過自己是東江客家人,老家原住廣東紫金縣。再如福建《上杭縣志》卷八《氏族志》中所載客家姓氏表,就有「孫」氏,其郡號為「太原」,「樂安」。
傣族,主要分布在雲南西雙版納、德宏、耿馬、孟連的河谷坪壩地區。清嘉慶《臨安府志》為當時知府江浚源所編,卷18《土司志》載,明初,朝廷對這一帶少數民族的土司和寨長,大都賜以漢姓。如p「虧容甸」,「明洪武十五年,土司阿普納款,賜孫姓,授正長官司世襲。」朝廷賜雲南臨安府虧容甸土司以孫姓,且授以正長官的職銜。該土司以賜姓為榮,子孫以孫姓相襲,直至近代。阿普之子名略,其後所傳世系為:孫略—孫蕃—孫武孫啟榮—孫應壽—孫承祖—孫景元—孫大昌—孫永祚—孫世基—孫世業(弟)—孫榮—孫廷對—孫漢—孫安國—孫蔭宗。其正長官職位從明傳至清,改為副長官,直到1923年,孫蔭宗襲位。該部土司是傣族人,而部民則以哈尼族為多,彝族、傣族次之,當時部民往往有遵從首領姓氏的習俗,所以這一賜姓對哈尼族等民眾都會有影響。《新篡雲南通志·土司考四·臨安府》載有「商河虧容司孫斌元」之土官姓名。而虧容甸即今紅河縣東南的下虧容。
6 孫姓的五大來源(zt)
黎族,居海南島。吳永章《黎族史》第七章「明代黎族」中有黎人姓氏表,所列明代黎族有姓名可考者183人,其中有明代萬曆二十七(公元1599年),王宏海《水會所平黎善後碑記》中出現的定安黎首「孫恩弟」,然在183人中僅此一例,出現頻率很低。海南黎族有生黎、熟黎之分,熟黎漢化程度較高,其中相當一部分人就來自漢族移民。南宋周去非《嶺外代答》說:「熟黎多福建、湖、廣之奸民也。」估計明代的定安黎首孫恩弟即漢族移民之熟黎。
苗族,分布於湖南、貴州、雲南、廣西、四川、廣東等地。石啟貴《湘西苗族實地調查報告》,通過對湘西苗族生活的實地考察,指出苗民大姓有五個:武、龍、廖、石、麻,而小姓有數十個之多,其中就包括孫姓。凌純生等《湘西苗族調查報告》也指出,純苗族有五姓,其他如楊、施、彭、張、洪諸姓,乃外姓入贅於苗而習其俗者。孫姓自然應屬後者。清道光二十七年(1847年),乾州(今湖南吉首,屬湘西)苗民起義首領之一孫文明,與石官保、楊正富等揭竿而起,後被官兵圍剿而誘殺。
土家族,分布於湘西、豫東諸地,與漢苗雜居。湖南土家族在宋代就已深受漢文化的影響,到明清時期,兔家族中土官的漢文著述還不少。在此前提下,土家族人使用漢姓便很自然,並漸有採用孫姓者。
景頗族,主要分布在雲南德宏傣族景頗族自治州及周圍地區。在該族的26個大姓中,格亮姓起源最早,其他許多姓都由他演化而出。至近代,受漢族文化的影響,格亮姓的漢姓變碼,就為孫姓。另有堵引氏、木如氏、喇松氏等小姓,其漢姓也為孫。如《景頗族社會調查(一)》載,雲南梁河縣幫角鄉的盆都景頗村寨,是個有42戶二百餘人的大寨子,由於受周圍含文化的影響,其每一個景頗族除去本族固有的氏族名稱以外,都有漢姓,其「堵引」氏族,便漢姓為孫。
Ⅱ 安徼省包括有哪些城市
安徽省現轄15個省轄市和2個地區。省轄市和地區管轄42個市轄區、7個市、56個縣。省會合肥是安徽省最大和經濟最發達的城市。
合肥市
東市區、西市區、中市區、郊區、長豐縣、肥東縣、肥西縣
蕪湖市
鳩江區、鏡湖區、新蕪區、馬塘區、蕪湖縣、繁昌縣、南陵縣
蚌埠市
東市區、西市區、中市區、郊區、懷遠縣、固鎮縣、五河縣
淮南市
謝家集區、潘集區、田家庵區、大通區、八公山區、鳳台縣
安慶市
迎江區、大觀區、郊區、桐城市、宿松縣、懷寧縣、樅陽縣、潛山縣、太湖縣、望江縣、岳西縣
阜陽市
潁州區、潁東區、潁泉區、界首市、渦陽縣、蒙城縣、太和縣、利辛縣、臨泉縣、阜南縣、潁上縣
銅陵市
銅官山區、獅子山區、郊區、銅陵縣
馬鞍山市
金家莊區、花山區、雨山區、向山區、當塗縣
滁州市
琅琊區、南譙區、天長市、明光市、來安縣、全椒縣、定遠縣、鳳陽縣
黃山市
屯溪區、黃山區、徽州區、歙縣、休寧縣、黟縣、祁門縣
宿州市
甬橋區、蕭縣、碭山縣、靈璧縣、泗縣
淮北市
杜集區、相山區、烈山區、濉溪縣
亳州市
宣城地區
宣州市、寧國市、郎溪縣、廣德縣、績溪縣、旌德縣、涇縣
巢湖市
居巢區、和縣、含山縣、無為縣、廬江縣
六安市
金安區、裕安區、舒城縣、壽縣、霍邱縣、霍山縣、金寨縣
池州地區
貴池市、東至縣、石台縣、青陽縣,
Ⅲ 多級關聯菜單的問題,能者請進.
關於SELECT的無限聯動菜單
index.asp
程序代碼:
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<meta content="text/html; charset=gb2312" http-equiv="content-type">
<style type="text/css"><!--
FONT{font-size:12px}
TD{font-size:12px}
A{color:#333399}
A:hover{color:#FF6600}
--></style>
<script language="Javascript" type="text/Javascript"><!--
function funOnload(){
document.all.list_file.src="jscript_city.asp?base=0&sele=0-&elem=Select01";
}
//pBase級數,以0基,
//pSele是<option 的value值
//pEle是下一級的表單名字
function chgSelect(pBase,pSele,pElem){
//當改變了一個列表之後。清除以後的列表的值。
for(i=parseInt(pElem.replace("Select",""));i<=5;i++){
var tmp="000"+i;
var pElem1=eval("document.Form1.Select"+tmp.substr(tmp.length-2));
pElem1.length=1;
pElem1.selectedIndex=0;
}
//JS用ASP得到資料庫的數據來更新下級列表
document.all.list_file.src="jscript_city.asp?base="+pBase+"&sele="+pSele+"&elem="+pElem;
}
//--></script>
<script id="list_file" language="Javascript" type="text/Javascript" src=""></script>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" leftmargin="0" topmargin="2" text="#333333" onload="funOnload();">
<form name="Form1">
<select name="Select01" onchange="chgSelect(1,this.options[this.selectedIndex].value,'Select02')">
<option value="">省...</option>
</select>
<select name="Select02" onchange="chgSelect(2,this.options[this.selectedIndex].value,'Select03')">
<option value="">市...</option>
</select>
<select name="Select03" onchange="chgSelect(3,this.options[this.selectedIndex].value,'Select04')">
<option value="">縣...</option>
</select>
<select name="Select04" onchange="chgSelect(4,this.options[this.selectedIndex].value,'Select05')">
<option value="">鄉...</option>
</select>
<select name="Select05">
<option value="">村...</option>
</select>
</form>
</body></html>
'jscript_city.asp
程序代碼:
<%
' varBase 下拉菜單等級
' varSele 所選擇下拉菜單項的資料庫ID
' varElem 下一級的表單名稱
varBase=Request.QueryString("base")
varSele=Left(Request.QueryString("sele"),InStr(Request.QueryString("sele"),"-")-1)
varElem=Request.QueryString("elem")
varDistName=""
varAutoID=""
Set conDB=Server.CreateObject("ADODB.CONNECTION")
conDB.Open "Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};DBQ="&Server.Mappath("db1.mdb")
sqlCommand="select * from table1 where filed1="&varBase&" and filed2="&varSele
Set rsRecord=conDB.Execute(sqlCommand)
While Not rsRecord.eof
varDistName=varDistName&chr(34)&rsRecord("filed3")&chr(34)
varAutoID=varAutoID&chr(34)&rsRecord("id")&chr(34)
rsRecord.movenext
If Not rsRecord.Eof Then
varDistName=varDistName&","
varAutoID=varAutoID&","
End If
Wend
Response.Write("var varDistName=new Array("&varDistName&")"&vbcrlf)
Response.Write("var varAutoID=new Array("&varAutoID&")"&vbcrlf)
Response.Write("var varElem=eval("&chr(34)&"document.Form1."&varElem&chr(34)&")"&vbcrlf)
Response.Write("varElem.length=varDistName.length+1;"&vbcrlf)
Response.Write("for(var i=0;i<varDistName.length;i++){"&vbcrlf)
Response.Write(" varElem.options[i+1].text=varDistName;"&vbcrlf)
Response.Write(" varElem.options[i+1].value=varAutoID+'-'+varDistName;"&vbcrlf)
Response.Write("}"&vbcrlf)
Response.Write("varElem.selectedIndex=0;"&vbcrlf)
%>
db1.mdb
'-------------------------------------------------
福建 廈門 思明 黃厝 曾厝桉村
福建 泉州 豐澤 西湖 水頭村
如上面的五級轉成資料庫為:
'-------------------------------
id filed1 filed2 filed3
1 0 0 福建
2 1 1 廈門
3 1 1 泉州
4 2 2 思明
5 3 4 黃厝
6 4 5 曾厝桉村
7 2 3 豐澤
8 3 7 西湖
9 4 8 水頭村
'-------------------------------------------------
資料庫說明:
id 自動編號
filed1 下拉菜單列表的等級(看級數。可以設置它的精度。是數字類型)
filed2 上一級的id號(用長整型吧)
filed3 這個就不用說了吧(文件。長度自己看情況)
本程序在IIS4+WIN2000P+ACCESS2000下通過。
或者
<html>
<head>
<title>省市縣關聯菜單</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<style>
body,select
{
font-size:9pt;
font-family:Verdana;
}
a
{
color:red;
text-decoration:none;
}
a:hover{
text-decoration:underline;
}
</style>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
<!--
function Dsy()
{
this.Items = {};
}
Dsy.prototype.add = function(id,iArray)
{
this.Items[id] = iArray;
}
Dsy.prototype.Exists = function(id)
{
if(typeof(this.Items[id]) == "undefined") return false;
return true;
}
function change(v){
var str="0";
for(i=0;i<v;i++){ str+=("_"+(document.getElementById(s[i]).selectedIndex-1));};
var ss=document.getElementById(s[v]);
with(ss){
length = 0;
options[0]=new Option(opt0[v],opt0[v]);
if(v && document.getElementById(s[v-1]).selectedIndex>0 || !v)
{
if(dsy.Exists(str)){
ar = dsy.Items[str];
for(i=0;i<ar.length;i++)options[length]=new Option(ar[i],ar[i]);
if(v)options[1].selected = true;
}
}
if(++v<s.length){change(v);}
}
}
var dsy = new Dsy();
dsy.add("0",["安徽","北京","福建","甘肅","廣東","廣西","貴州","海南","河北","河南","黑龍江","湖北","湖南","吉林","江蘇","江西","遼寧","內蒙古","寧夏","青海","山東","山西","陝西","上海","四川","天津","西藏","新疆","雲南","浙江","重慶"]);
dsy.add("0_0",["安慶","蚌埠","巢湖","池州","滁州","阜陽","合肥","淮北","淮南","黃山","六安","馬鞍山","宿州","銅陵","蕪湖","宣城","亳州"]);
dsy.add("0_0_0",["安慶市","懷寧縣","潛山縣","宿松縣","太湖縣","桐城市","望江縣","岳西縣","樅陽縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_1",["蚌埠市","固鎮縣","懷遠縣","五河縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_2",["巢湖市","含山縣","和縣","廬江縣","無為縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_3",["池州市","東至縣","青陽縣","石台縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_4",["滁州市","定遠縣","鳳陽縣","來安縣","明光市","全椒縣","天長市"]);
dsy.add("0_0_5",["阜南縣","阜陽市","界首市","臨泉縣","太和縣","穎上縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_6",["長豐縣","肥東縣","肥西縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_7",["淮北市","濉溪縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_8",["鳳台縣","淮南市"]);
dsy.add("0_0_9",["黃山市","祁門縣","休寧縣","歙縣","黟縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_10",["霍邱縣","霍山縣","金寨縣","六安市","壽縣","舒城縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_11",["當塗縣","馬鞍山市"]);
dsy.add("0_0_12",["靈璧縣","宿州市","蕭縣","泗縣","碭山縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_13",["銅陵市","銅陵縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_14",["繁昌縣","南陵縣","蕪湖市","蕪湖縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_15",["廣德縣","績溪縣","郎溪縣","寧國市","宣城市","涇縣","旌德縣"]);
dsy.add("0_0_16",["利辛縣","蒙城縣","渦陽縣","亳州市"]);
dsy.add("0_1",["北京"]);
dsy.add("0_1_0",["北京市","密雲縣","延慶縣"]);
dsy.add("0_2",["福州","龍岩","南平","寧德","莆田","泉州","三明","廈門","漳州"]);
dsy.add("0_2_0",["長樂市","福清市","福州市","連江縣","羅源縣","閩侯縣","閩清縣","平潭縣","永泰縣"]);
dsy.add("0_2_1",["長汀縣","連城縣","龍岩市","上杭縣","武平縣","永定縣","漳平市"]);
dsy.add("0_2_2",["光澤縣","建陽市","建甌市","南平市","浦城縣","邵武市","順昌縣","松溪縣","武夷山市","政和縣"]);
dsy.add("0_2_3",["福安市","福鼎市","古田縣","寧德市","屏南縣","壽寧縣","霞浦縣","周寧縣","柘榮縣"]);
dsy.add("0_2_4",["莆田市","仙游縣"]);
dsy.add("0_2_5",["安溪縣","德化縣","惠安縣","金門縣","晉江市","南安市","泉州市","石獅市","永春縣"]);
dsy.add("0_2_6",["大田縣","建寧縣","將樂縣","明溪縣","寧化縣","清流縣","三明市","沙縣","泰寧縣","永安市","尤溪縣"]);
dsy.add("0_2_7",["廈門市"]);
dsy.add("0_2_8",["長泰縣","東山縣","華安縣","龍海市","南靖縣","平和縣","雲霄縣","漳浦縣","漳州市","詔安縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3",["白銀","定西","甘南藏族自治州","嘉峪關","金昌","酒泉","蘭州","臨夏回族自治州","隴南","平涼","慶陽","天水","武威","張掖"]);
dsy.add("0_3_0",["白銀市","會寧縣","景泰縣","靖遠縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3_1",["定西縣","臨洮縣","隴西縣","通渭縣","渭源縣","漳縣","岷縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3_2",["迭部縣","合作市","臨潭縣","碌曲縣","瑪曲縣","夏河縣","舟曲縣","卓尼縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3_3",["嘉峪關市"]);
dsy.add("0_3_4",["金昌市","永昌縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3_5",["阿克塞哈薩克族自治縣","安西縣","敦煌市","金塔縣","酒泉市","肅北蒙古族自治縣","玉門市"]);
dsy.add("0_3_6",["皋蘭縣","蘭州市","永登縣","榆中縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3_7",["東鄉族自治縣","廣河縣","和政縣","積石山保安族東鄉族撒拉族自治縣","康樂縣","臨夏市","臨夏縣","永靖縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3_8",["成縣","徽縣","康縣","禮縣","兩當縣","文縣","武都縣","西和縣","宕昌縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3_9",["崇信縣","華亭縣","靜寧縣","靈台縣","平涼市","庄浪縣","涇川縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3_10",["合水縣","華池縣","環縣","寧縣","慶城縣","慶陽市","鎮原縣","正寧縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3_11",["甘谷縣","秦安縣","清水縣","天水市","武山縣","張家川回族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_3_12",["古浪縣","民勤縣","天祝藏族自治縣","武威市"]);
dsy.add("0_3_13",["高台縣","臨澤縣","民樂縣","山丹縣","肅南裕固族自治縣","張掖市"]);
dsy.add("0_4",["潮州","東莞","佛山","廣州","河源","惠州","江門","揭陽","茂名","梅州","清遠","汕頭","汕尾","韶關","深圳","陽江","雲浮","湛江","肇慶","中山","珠海"]);
dsy.add("0_4_0",["潮安縣","潮州市","饒平縣"]);
dsy.add("0_4_1",["東莞市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_2",["佛山市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_3",["從化市","廣州市","增城市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_4",["東源縣","和平縣","河源市","連平縣","龍川縣","紫金縣"]);
dsy.add("0_4_5",["博羅縣","惠東縣","惠陽市","惠州市","龍門縣"]);
dsy.add("0_4_6",["恩平市","鶴山市","江門市","開平市","台山市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_7",["惠來縣","揭東縣","揭西縣","揭陽市","普寧市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_8",["電白縣","高州市","化州市","茂名市","信宜市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_9",["大埔縣","豐順縣","蕉嶺縣","梅縣","梅州市","平遠縣","五華縣","興寧市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_10",["佛岡縣","連南瑤族自治縣","連山壯族瑤族自治縣","連州市","清新縣","清遠市","陽山縣","英德市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_11",["潮陽市","澄海市","南澳縣","汕頭市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_12",["海豐縣","陸豐市","陸河縣","汕尾市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_13",["樂昌市","南雄市","曲江縣","仁化縣","乳源瑤族自治縣","韶關市","始興縣","翁源縣","新豐縣"]);
dsy.add("0_4_14",["深圳市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_15",["陽春市","陽東縣","陽江市","陽西縣"]);
dsy.add("0_4_16",["羅定市","新興縣","鬱南縣","雲安縣","雲浮市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_17",["雷州市","廉江市","遂溪縣","吳川市","徐聞縣","湛江市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_18",["德慶縣","封開縣","高要市","廣寧縣","懷集縣","四會市","肇慶市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_19",["中山市"]);
dsy.add("0_4_20",["珠海市"]);
dsy.add("0_5",["百色","北海","崇左","防城港","桂林","貴港","河池","賀州","來賓","柳州","南寧","欽州","梧州","玉林"]);
dsy.add("0_5_0",["百色市","德保縣","靖西縣","樂業縣","凌雲縣","隆林各族自治縣","那坡縣","平果縣","田東縣","田林縣","田陽縣","西林縣"]);
dsy.add("0_5_1",["北海市","合浦縣"]);
dsy.add("0_5_2",["崇左市","大新縣","扶綏縣","龍州縣","寧明縣","憑祥市","天等縣"]);
dsy.add("0_5_3",["東興市","防城港市","上思縣"]);
dsy.add("0_5_4",["恭城瑤族自治縣","灌陽縣","桂林市","荔浦縣","臨桂縣","靈川縣","龍勝各族自治縣","平樂縣","全州縣","興安縣","陽朔縣","永福縣","資源縣"]);
dsy.add("0_5_5",["桂平市","貴港市","平南縣"]);
dsy.add("0_5_6",["巴馬瑤族自治縣","大化瑤族自治縣","東蘭縣","都安瑤族自治縣","鳳山縣","河池市","環江毛南族自治縣","羅城仡佬族自治縣","南丹縣","天峨縣","宜州市"]);
dsy.add("0_5_7",["富川瑤族自治縣","賀州市","昭平縣","鍾山縣"]);
dsy.add("0_5_8",["合山市","金秀瑤族自治縣","來賓市","武宣縣","象州縣","忻城縣"]);
dsy.add("0_5_9",["柳城縣","柳江縣","柳州市","鹿寨縣","融安縣","融水苗族自治縣","三江侗族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_5_10",["賓陽縣","橫縣","隆安縣","馬山縣","南寧市","上林縣","武鳴縣","邕寧縣"]);
dsy.add("0_5_11",["靈山縣","浦北縣","欽州市"]);
dsy.add("0_5_12",["蒼梧縣","蒙山縣","藤縣","梧州市","岑溪市"]);
dsy.add("0_5_13",["北流市","博白縣","陸川縣","容縣","興業縣","玉林市"]);
dsy.add("0_6",["安順","畢節","貴陽","六盤水","黔東南苗族侗族自治州","黔南布依族苗族自治州","黔西南布依族苗族自治州","銅仁","遵義"]);
dsy.add("0_6_0",["安順市","關嶺布依族苗族自治縣","平壩縣","普定縣","鎮寧布依族苗族自治縣","紫雲苗族布依族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_6_1",["畢節市","大方縣","赫章縣","金沙縣","納雍縣","黔西縣","威寧彝族回族苗族自治縣","織金縣"]);
dsy.add("0_6_2",["貴陽市","開陽縣","清鎮市","息烽縣","修文縣"]);
dsy.add("0_6_3",["六盤水市","六枝特區","盤縣","水城縣"]);
dsy.add("0_6_4",["從江縣","丹寨縣","黃平縣","劍河縣","錦屏縣","凱里市","雷山縣","黎平縣","麻江縣","三穗縣","施秉縣","台江縣","天柱縣","鎮遠縣","岑鞏縣","榕江縣"]);
dsy.add("0_6_5",["長順縣","都勻市","獨山縣","福泉市","貴定縣","惠水縣","荔波縣","龍里縣","羅甸縣","平塘縣","三都水族自治縣","甕安縣"]);
dsy.add("0_6_6",["安龍縣","冊亨縣","普安縣","晴隆縣","望謨縣","興仁縣","興義市","貞豐縣"]);
dsy.add("0_6_7",["德江縣","江口縣","石阡縣","思南縣","松桃苗族自治縣","銅仁市","萬山特區","沿河土家族自治縣","印江土家族苗族自治縣","玉屏侗族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_6_8",["赤水市","道真仡佬族苗族自治縣","鳳岡縣","仁懷市","綏陽縣","桐梓縣","務川仡佬族苗族自治縣","習水縣","余慶縣","正安縣","遵義市","遵義縣","湄潭縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7",["白沙黎族自治縣","保亭黎族苗族自治縣","昌江黎族自治縣","澄邁縣","定安縣","東方","海口","樂東黎族自治縣","臨高縣","陵水黎族自治縣","瓊海","瓊中黎族苗族自治縣","三亞","屯昌縣","萬寧","文昌","五指山","儋州"]);
dsy.add("0_7_0",["白沙黎族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7_1",["保亭黎族苗族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7_2",["昌江黎族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7_3",["澄邁縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7_4",["定安縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7_5",["東方市"]);
dsy.add("0_7_6",["海口市"]);
dsy.add("0_7_7",["樂東黎族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7_8",["臨高縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7_9",["陵水黎族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7_10",["瓊海市"]);
dsy.add("0_7_11",["瓊中黎族苗族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7_12",["三亞市"]);
dsy.add("0_7_13",["屯昌縣"]);
dsy.add("0_7_14",["萬寧市"]);
dsy.add("0_7_15",["文昌市"]);
dsy.add("0_7_16",["五指山市"]);
dsy.add("0_7_17",["儋州市"]);
dsy.add("0_8",["保定","滄州","承德","邯鄲","衡水","廊坊","秦皇島","石家莊","唐山","邢台","張家口"]);
dsy.add("0_8_0",["安國市","安新縣","保定市","博野縣","定興縣","定州市","阜平縣","高碑店市","高陽縣","滿城縣","清苑縣","曲陽縣","容城縣","順平縣","唐縣","望都縣","雄縣","徐水縣","易縣","淶水縣","淶源縣","涿州市","蠡縣"]);
dsy.add("0_8_1",["泊頭市","滄縣","滄州市","東光縣","海興縣","河間市","黃驊市","孟村回族自治縣","南皮縣","青縣","任丘市","肅寧縣","吳橋縣","獻縣","鹽山縣"]);
dsy.add("0_8_2",["承德市","承德縣","豐寧滿族自治縣","寬城滿族自治縣","隆化縣","灤平縣","平泉縣","圍場滿族蒙古族自治縣","興隆縣"]);
dsy.add("0_8_3",["成安縣","磁縣","大名縣","肥鄉縣","館陶縣","廣平縣","邯鄲市","邯鄲縣","雞澤縣","臨漳縣","邱縣","曲周縣","涉縣","魏縣","武安市","永年縣"]);
dsy.add("0_8_4",["安平縣","阜城縣","故城縣","衡水市","冀州市","景縣","饒陽縣","深州市","武強縣","武邑縣","棗強縣"]);
dsy.add("0_8_5",["霸州市","大廠回族自治縣","大城縣","固安縣","廊坊市","三河市","文安縣","香河縣","永清縣"]);
dsy.add("0_8_6",["昌黎縣","撫寧縣","盧龍縣","秦皇島市","青龍滿族自治縣"]);
dsy.add("0_8_7",["高邑縣","晉州市","井陘縣","靈壽縣","鹿泉市","平山縣","深澤縣","石家莊市","無極縣","辛集市","新樂市","行唐縣","元氏縣","贊皇縣","趙縣","正定縣","藁城市","欒城縣"]);
dsy.add("0_8_8",["樂亭縣","灤南縣","灤縣","遷安市","遷西縣","唐海縣","唐山市","玉田縣","遵化市"]);
dsy.add("0_8_9",["柏鄉縣","廣宗縣","巨鹿縣","臨城縣","臨西縣","隆堯縣","南宮市","南和縣","內丘縣","寧晉縣","平鄉縣","清河縣","任縣","沙河市","威縣","新河縣","邢台市","邢台縣"]);
dsy.add("0_8_10",["赤城縣","崇禮縣","沽源縣","懷安縣","懷來縣","康保縣","尚義縣","萬全縣","蔚縣","宣化縣","陽原縣","張北縣","張家口市","涿鹿縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9",["安陽","鶴壁","濟源","焦作","開封","洛陽","南陽","平頂山","三門峽","商丘","新鄉","信陽","許昌","鄭州","周口","駐馬店","漯河","濮陽"]);
dsy.add("0_9_0",["安陽市","安陽縣","滑縣","林州市","內黃縣","湯陰縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_1",["","鶴壁市","浚縣","淇縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_2",["濟源市"]);
dsy.add("0_9_3",["博愛縣","焦作市","孟州市","沁陽市","溫縣","武陟縣","修武縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_4",["開封市","開封縣","蘭考縣","通許縣","尉氏縣","杞縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_5",["洛寧縣","洛陽市","孟津縣","汝陽縣","新安縣","伊川縣","宜陽縣","偃師市","嵩縣","欒川縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_6",["鄧州市","方城縣","南陽市","南召縣","內鄉縣","社旗縣","唐河縣","桐柏縣","西峽縣","新野縣","鎮平縣","淅川縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_7",["寶豐縣","魯山縣","平頂山市","汝州市","舞鋼市","葉縣","郟縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_8",["靈寶市","盧氏縣","三門峽市","陝縣","義馬市","澠池縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_9",["民權縣","寧陵縣","商丘市","夏邑縣","永城市","虞城縣","柘城縣","睢縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_10",["長垣縣","封丘縣","輝縣市","獲嘉縣","衛輝市","新鄉市","新鄉縣","延津縣","原陽縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_11",["固始縣","光山縣","淮濱縣","羅山縣","商城縣","息縣","新縣","信陽市","潢川縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_12",["長葛市","襄城縣","許昌市","許昌縣","禹州市","鄢陵縣"]);
dsy.add("0_9_13",["登封市","鞏義市","新密市","新鄭市","鄭州市","中牟縣","滎陽市"]);
dsy.add("0_9_14",["鄲城縣","扶溝縣","淮陽縣","鹿邑縣","商水縣","沈丘縣","太康縣","西華縣","項城市","周口市"]);
dsy.add("0_9_15",["泌陽縣","平輿縣","確山縣","汝南縣","上蔡縣","遂平縣","西平縣","新蔡縣","正陽縣","駐馬店市"]);
dsy.add("0_9_16",["臨潁縣","舞陽縣","郾城縣","漯河市"]);
dsy.add("0_9_17",["范縣","南樂縣","清豐縣","台前縣","濮陽市","濮陽縣"]);
dsy.add("0_10",["大慶","大興安嶺","哈爾濱","鶴崗","黑河","雞西","佳木斯","牡丹江","七台河","齊齊哈爾","雙鴨山","綏化","伊春"]);
dsy.add("0_10_0",["大慶市","杜爾伯特蒙古族自治縣","林甸縣","肇源縣","肇州縣"]);
dsy.add("0_10_1",["呼瑪縣","漠河縣","塔河縣"]);
dsy.add("0_10_2",["阿城市","巴彥縣","賓縣","方正縣","哈爾濱市","呼蘭縣","木蘭縣","尚志市","雙城市","通河縣","五常市","延壽縣","依蘭縣"]);
dsy.add("0_10_3",["鶴崗市","蘿北縣","綏濱縣"]);
dsy.add("0_10_4",["北安市","黑河市","嫩江縣","孫吳縣","五大連池市","遜克縣"]);
dsy.add("0_10_5",["虎林市","雞東縣","雞西市","密山市"]);
dsy.add("0_10_6",["撫遠縣","富錦市","佳木斯市","湯原縣","同江市","樺川縣","樺南縣"]);
dsy.add("0_10_7",["東寧縣","海林市","林口縣","牡丹江市","穆棱市","寧安市","綏芬河市"]);
dsy.add("0_10_8",["勃利縣","七台河市"]);
dsy.add("0_10_9",["拜泉縣","富裕縣","甘南縣","克東縣","克山縣","龍江縣","齊齊哈爾市","泰來縣","依安縣","訥河市"]);
dsy.add("0_10_10",["寶清縣","集賢縣","饒河縣","雙鴨山市","友誼縣"]);
dsy.add("0_10_11",["安達市","海倫市","蘭西縣","明水縣","青岡縣","慶安縣","綏化市","綏棱縣","望奎縣","肇東市"]);
dsy.add("0_10_12",["嘉蔭縣","鐵力市","伊春市"]);
dsy.add("0_11",["鄂州","恩施土家族苗族自治州","黃岡","黃石","荊門","荊州","潛江","神農架林區","十堰","隨州","天門","武漢","仙桃","咸寧","襄樊","孝感","宜昌"]);
dsy.add("0_11_0",["鄂州市"]);
dsy.add("0_11_1",["巴東縣","恩施市","鶴峰縣","建始縣","來鳳縣","利川市","咸豐縣","宣恩縣"]);
dsy.add("0_11_2",["紅安縣","黃岡市","黃梅縣","羅田縣","麻城市","團風縣","武穴市","英山縣","蘄春縣","浠水縣"]);
dsy.add("0_11_3",["大冶市","黃石市","陽新縣"]);
dsy.add("0_11_4",["荊門市","京山縣","沙洋縣","鍾祥市"]);
dsy.add("0_11_5",["公安縣","洪湖市","監利縣","江陵縣","荊州市","石首市","松滋市"]);
dsy.add("0_11_6",["潛江市"]);
dsy.add("0_11_7",["神農架林區"]);
dsy.add("0_11_8",["丹江口市","房縣","十堰市","鄖西縣","鄖縣","竹山縣","竹溪縣"]);
dsy.add("0_11_9",["廣水市","隨州市"]);
dsy.add("0_11_10",["天門市"]);
dsy.add("0_11_11",["武漢市"]);
dsy.add("0_11_12",["仙桃市"]);
dsy.add("0_11_13",["赤壁市","崇陽縣","嘉魚縣","通城縣","通山縣","咸寧市"]);
dsy.add("0_11_14",["保康縣","谷城縣","老河口市","南漳縣","襄樊市","宜城市","棗陽市"]);
dsy.add("0_11_15",["安陸市","大悟縣","漢川市","孝昌縣","孝感市","應城市","雲夢縣"]);
dsy.add("0_11_16",["長陽土家族自治縣","當陽市","五峰土家族自治縣","興山縣","宜昌市","宜都市","遠安縣","枝江市","秭歸縣"]);
dsy.add("0_12",["常德","長沙","郴州","衡陽","懷化","婁底","邵陽","湘潭","湘西土家族苗族自治州","益陽","永州","岳陽","張家界","株洲"]);
dsy.add("0_12_0",["安鄉縣","常德市","漢壽縣","津市市","臨澧縣","石門縣","桃源縣","澧縣"]);
dsy.add("0_12_1",["長沙市","長沙縣","寧鄉縣","望城縣","瀏陽市"]);
dsy.add("0_12_2",["安仁縣","郴州市","桂東縣","桂陽縣","嘉禾縣","臨武縣","汝城縣","宜章縣","永興縣","資興市"]);
dsy.add("0_12_3",["常寧市","衡東縣","衡南縣","衡山縣","衡陽市","衡陽縣","祁東縣","耒陽市"]);
dsy.add("0_12_4",["辰溪縣","洪江市","懷化市","會同縣","靖州苗族侗族自治縣","麻陽苗族自治縣","通道侗族自治縣","新晃侗族自治縣","中方縣","芷江